果実食主義

果実食主義（かじつしょくしゅぎ、英: Fruitarianism）、果食主義（かしょくしゅぎ）は、果実、種のみを摂取する菜食主義の下位分類名、食行動及び思想。動物性食品（肉、魚、乳製品、卵、蜂蜜等）と植物を殺す行為に基づく植物食（根菜植物、穀物を含む）を摂取しない^[1]。

地面に落ちた果実のみを食する理想を持つ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]。反面、子どもの発達（10代を含む）において、必要栄養素が不足する^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]。大人においても、フルータリアン食を長期間続けることに注意が必要である。栄養失調による死亡事例もある^[7]。

動機

倫理
- 動物の権利を考慮する動物愛護
健康
- 体内の毒素を排除したいという願望
宗教
- ユダヤ教、キリスト教：『創世記』1:29 に基づいて、アダムとエヴァは果実主義であったと考える^[10]
- ジャイナ教など：菜食主義、アヒンサー（非暴力）を信仰^[11]
政治
環境
文化
- 農耕社会以前の採集生活に戻ることを望む考えを持っている人や制限の厳しさへの挑戦を楽しむ人もいる。
経済
哲学

研究

1979年、 Alan Walker（古人類学者、ジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学教授）は、古代人の歯のエナメル質を調査し、古人類は果実食主義と発表した^[12]。

2002年、コロンビア大学、The Health Promotion Program
- 果実食による、カルシウム、タンパク質、鉄、亜鉛、ビタミンD、ビタミンB（特に動物由来で果物には含有されないビタミンB12^[13]、必須脂肪酸の不足、それらを原因とする精神的不安定の可能性が指摘されている^[14]。

バリエーション

一部のフルータリアンは、植物を殺さずに収穫できる食物のみを食べる。これは主に果物（果物野菜）、ナッツ、種子から成る^[15]。穀物を食べる人もいれば、種子を食べない人、果汁以外は口にしない人もいる。植物学的な定義に従い、豆類を含める人や、生の果物、乾燥果物、蜂蜜、オリーブオイルなどを摂取する人もいる^[16]^[17]。また、ナッツのみを食べるヌータリアニズムがある^[18]^[19]。

果実食主義の実践者

マハトマ・ガンディー - 人権活動家
- イギリス留学時を除き、ラクト・ベジタリアン。人生の後半でフルータリアン食を試した時期はあった^[20]^[21]^[22]

イディ・アミン - ウガンダ第3代大統領^[23]

スティーブ・ジョブズ - 実業家
- 大学時代からぺスカタリアン。若い頃、果物（リンゴ）、野菜（人参）ナッツ、種子のみを食べ、動物性食品を一切食べない時期がしばらくあった^[24]

中野瑞樹 - フルーツ研究家
- 2009年9月（33歳）から果実食を実施する日本人。ただし、フルータリアン食は推奨しておらず、国の推奨する1日200gのフルーツ摂取を勧めている^[25]^[26]

脚注

[脚注の使い方]

^ Houghton Mifflin Company, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2009.
^ Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought, Rod Preece, UBC Press, 2008 "Since plants have life, it is necessary, if one is not to starve, to live from the fruit of the plant in such a manner that the host plant itself does not die."
^ Nutrition for the recreational athlete, Catherine G. Ratzin Jackson, page 95, “The fruitarian diet usually consists of consuming those parts of the plant that are cast off or dropped from the plant and that do not involve the destruction of the plant itself.”, 249 page, Publisher CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 0849379148, 9780849379147
^ Handbook Of Pediatric Nutrition, Patricia Samour, “A fruitarian diet consists of only fruits. Any plant food that is botanically a fruit or can be obtained without killing or harming the plant is considered a fruit.", Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2003, page 143.
^ 'The Fruit Hunters, Adam Leith Gollne, "Some factions eat only fallen fruit. Others refuse to eat any seeds because they contain future plants."
^ Holden, Chris, et al, Royal College of Nursing. Nutrition and Child Health, p. 59. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000. ISBN 070202421X, 9780702024214.
^ ^a ^b BBC News, 14 September 2001. "Baby death parents spared jail". Accessed 31 March 2011.
^ Gollner, Adam Leith. The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession, pp. 99-101. Simon and Schuster, 2008. ISBN 074329694X, 9780743296946.
^ Mantle, Fiona and Anne Casey. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2004, Complementary and alternative medicine for child and adolescent care. ISBN 075065175X, 9780750651752.
^ http://www.satyamag.com/june03/berry.html Satya June/July 03: Raw History by Rynn Berry
^ "ahim-sa" - "the Hindu and Buddhist doctrine of refraining from harming any living being", Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ahimsa
^ Rensberger, Boyce (15 May 1979). “Teeth Show Fruit Was The Staple; No Exceptions Found”. Science Times section (New York Times): p. C1 2009年11月1日閲覧。
^ “Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B₁₂”. アメリカ国立衛生研究所: Office of Dietary Supplements. 2009年11月13日閲覧。
^ Alice!, Health Promotion Program at Columbia University, Health Services at Columbia, August 23, 2002."Go Ask Alice!: Fruitarian teens". Accessed May 20, 2008.
^ Gollner, Adam Leith (2013) (英語). The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce, and Obsession. Simon and Schuster. p. 100. ISBN 9781476704999. "Some factions eat only fallen fruit. Others refuse to eat any seeds because they contain future plants."
^ Marie V. Krause, Food, nutrition, and diet therapy: a textbook of nutritional care, p. 343, Saunders, 1984, Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized August 19, 2008, ISBN 0-7216-5514-9, ISBN 978-0-7216-5514-7. "The fruitarian diet consists of only raw or dried fruits, nuts, honey and olive oil."
^ John McCabe, Handbook of Sunfood Living: Resource Guide for Global Health, North Atlantic Books, 2008, "other fruitarians also consume cucumbers, olives, tomatoes, peppers, squash, beans, melon, avocados, berries, grapes, figs, dates, carob, chocolate, goji berries, nuts and even coconuts."
^ Clio Medica 1995, International Academy of the History of Medicine
^ The Science and Culture of Nutrition, 1840-1940, Andrew Cunningham, Harmke Kamminga, 2020
^ "during five years of a purely fruitarian life I never felt weak, nor did I suffer from any disease". Satyagraha in South Africa ~ XXXV. Tolstoy Farm III, written by Mohandas K. Gandhi, translated by Valji Govindji Desai, http://wikilivres.ca/wiki/Satyagraha_in_South_Africa/Chapter_XXXV._Tolstoy_Farm_III
^ Autobiography: the story of my experiments with truth（自伝）, Social Sciences Series, モハンダス・カラムチャンド・ガンディー, Mahadev Haribhai Desai, Dover, 1983, 468 pages, page 318 " "Dr. Jivraj Mehta treated me. He pressed me hard to resume milk and cereals, but I was obdurate."
^ Gokhale's Charity, My Experiments with Truth, M.K. Gandhi.
^ The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession, Adam Leith Gollne "Idi Amin, the tyrannical Ugandan dictator, lived his final years in Saudi Arabia as a fruitarian (his affinity for oranges earned him the nickname "Dr. Jaffa")."
^ Melissa Dahl (31 October 2019). “The strange eating habits of Steve Jobs”. NBC News 1 February 2025閲覧。
^ [1]中野瑞樹
^ “[https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/783233?page=4 15年間｢果物だけ｣を食べ続けてわかったこと医師の｢フルーツの食べ過ぎに注意｣に異議あり]”. 東洋経済オンライン. 2025年2月19日閲覧。

外部リンク

果実食主義 - Curlie（英語）

[1] Houghton Mifflin Company, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2009.

[2] Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought, Rod Preece, UBC Press, 2008 "Since plants have life, it is necessary, if one is not to starve, to live from the fruit of the plant in such a manner that the host plant itself does not die."

[3] Nutrition for the recreational athlete, Catherine G. Ratzin Jackson, page 95, “The fruitarian diet usually consists of consuming those parts of the plant that are cast off or dropped from the plant and that do not involve the destruction of the plant itself.”, 249 page, Publisher CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 0849379148, 9780849379147

[4] Handbook Of Pediatric Nutrition, Patricia Samour, “A fruitarian diet consists of only fruits. Any plant food that is botanically a fruit or can be obtained without killing or harming the plant is considered a fruit.", Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2003, page 143.

[ReferenceA-5] 'The Fruit Hunters, Adam Leith Gollne, "Some factions eat only fallen fruit. Others refuse to eat any seeds because they contain future plants."

[Holden-6] Holden, Chris, et al, Royal College of Nursing. Nutrition and Child Health, p. 59. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2000. ISBN 070202421X, 9780702024214.

[bbc-7] BBC News, 14 September 2001. "Baby death parents spared jail". Accessed 31 March 2011.

[8] Gollner, Adam Leith. The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession, pp. 99-101. Simon and Schuster, 2008. ISBN 074329694X, 9780743296946.

[9] Mantle, Fiona and Anne Casey. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2004, Complementary and alternative medicine for child and adolescent care. ISBN 075065175X, 9780750651752.

[10] ttp://www.satyamag.com/june03/berry.html Satya June/July 03: Raw History by Rynn Berry

[11] "ahim-sa" - "the Hindu and Buddhist doctrine of refraining from harming any living being", Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ahimsa

[nyt1979-12] Rensberger, Boyce (15 May 1979). “Teeth Show Fruit Was The Staple; No Exceptions Found”. Science Times section (New York Times): p. C1 2009年11月1日閲覧。

[ODS_B12-13] “Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B₁₂”. アメリカ国立衛生研究所: Office of Dietary Supplements. 2009年11月13日閲覧。

[14] Alice!, Health Promotion Program at Columbia University, Health Services at Columbia, August 23, 2002."Go Ask Alice!: Fruitarian teens". Accessed May 20, 2008.

[Gollner2013-15] Gollner, Adam Leith (2013) (英語). The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce, and Obsession. Simon and Schuster. p. 100. ISBN 9781476704999. "Some factions eat only fallen fruit. Others refuse to eat any seeds because they contain future plants."

[16] Marie V. Krause, Food, nutrition, and diet therapy: a textbook of nutritional care, p. 343, Saunders, 1984, Original from the University of Michigan, Digitized August 19, 2008, ISBN 0-7216-5514-9, ISBN 978-0-7216-5514-7. "The fruitarian diet consists of only raw or dried fruits, nuts, honey and olive oil."

[17] John McCabe, Handbook of Sunfood Living: Resource Guide for Global Health, North Atlantic Books, 2008, "other fruitarians also consume cucumbers, olives, tomatoes, peppers, squash, beans, melon, avocados, berries, grapes, figs, dates, carob, chocolate, goji berries, nuts and even coconuts."

[18] Clio Medica 1995, International Academy of the History of Medicine

[19] The Science and Culture of Nutrition, 1840-1940, Andrew Cunningham, Harmke Kamminga, 2020

[20] "during five years of a purely fruitarian life I never felt weak, nor did I suffer from any disease". Satyagraha in South Africa ~ XXXV. Tolstoy Farm III, written by Mohandas K. Gandhi, translated by Valji Govindji Desai, http://wikilivres.ca/wiki/Satyagraha_in_South_Africa/Chapter_XXXV._Tolstoy_Farm_III

[21] Autobiography: the story of my experiments with truth（自伝）, Social Sciences Series, モハンダス・カラムチャンド・ガンディー, Mahadev Haribhai Desai, Dover, 1983, 468 pages, page 318 " "Dr. Jivraj Mehta treated me. He pressed me hard to resume milk and cereals, but I was obdurate."

[22] Gokhale's Charity, My Experiments with Truth, M.K. Gandhi.

[23] The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession, Adam Leith Gollne "Idi Amin, the tyrannical Ugandan dictator, lived his final years in Saudi Arabia as a fruitarian (his affinity for oranges earned him the nickname "Dr. Jaffa")."

[24] Melissa Dahl (31 October 2019). “The strange eating habits of Steve Jobs”. NBC News 1 February 2025閲覧。

[25] [1]中野瑞樹

[26] “[https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/783233?page=4 15年間｢果物だけ｣を食べ続けてわかったこと医師の｢フルーツの食べ過ぎに注意｣に異議あり]”. 東洋経済オンライン. 2025年2月19日閲覧。

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動機

研究

バリエーション

果実食主義の実践者

脚注

関連項目

外部リンク